ARSS, Bharatpur

AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SUB STATION,

(SKN Agriculture University, Jobner)

KUMHER (BHARATPUR)

Name of the unit: Agriculture Research Sub Station, Kumher (Bharatpur)

Location of the Unit

Agricultural Research Sub Station, Kumher (Bharatpur) is representing Rajasthan Agroclimatic Zone III b i.e. Flood Prone Eastern Plain zone and working under A.R.S.Navgaon (Alwar). It is situated near Bharatpur- Alwar road 12 km. away from Bharatpur.

Research Mandate:

1. Lead functions: Crop and soil management under water logged and tank bed situation.

      b.) Verification functions: Mustard, Chick Pea, Wheat, Pearl millet, Kharif Pulses and fodder sorghum, Improvement of fruits (Ber, Aonla, Guava, Lemon and Papaya) and spices crops. Nutrient management in Saline soils

1. Professor & Officer Incharge Profile

	Dr.Udai Bhan    Singh Professor & Officer Incharge
	Specialization: Horticulture
	Email: incharge.arss.kumher@sknau.ac.in
	Contact Details: 9414714234

Dr. Udai Bhan Singh, Professor (Horticulture) and Officer Incharge Agriculture Research Sub Station, Kumher (Bharatpur). He did his B.Sc. (Ag) from Dayanand College, Ajmer and M.Sc. (Ag) and Ph.D. in Horticulture from Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. He started his career as Assistant Professor (Horticulture) at KVK, Bhilwara in the year 1996. He served as Assistant Professor (1996-2008), Associate Professor (2008-2011) and Professor (2011 onward). He is Officer Incharge at Agriculture Research Sub Station, Kumher (Bharatpur) from June, 2011 and Dean College of Agriculture from Sep, 2019.

Dr.Udai Bhan Singh in a renowned scientist, teacher and extension worker. He published more than 50 research papers in various prestigious journals and his 58 research recommendation were included in package of practices for Zone III b, i.e. Flood Prone Eastern Plane of Rajasthan State, He published 6 books and more than 100 popular articles.

Dr. Singh is distinguished scientist and expert, he always spare his time for farmers to advice them to adopt high technology in farming. Because of his efforts and research interventions in spices, especially fennel cultivation got popularized in Zone III b of Rajasthan. Because of his research recommendations, Ber cultivation has become a profitable business to the farmers. He is master trainer of zone IIIb and furnishing high technology of horticulture to extension personnel of Department of Agriculture every month.

He is a good teacher and motivator, many students have cracked JRF/SRF examinations under his guidance.

He is working hard at ARSS, Kumher farm and producing 800-1000 quintals quality seed of mustard, wheat, barley, gram, lentil & spices and generating 20-25 lakh per annum  net income through seed sale.

Contact Details:  

Mobile No. 9414714234

Email: Incharge.arss.kumher@sknau.ac.in

. Completed and ongoing Projects/ Schemes in detail

Projects completed:

a. Action research for refinement of package of practices for productivity enhancement of crops in different agro-ecological situations under RKVY.

b. Developing Technologies for stress agriculture under climate change scenario in Rajasthan under RKVY.

c. Strengthening of seed under RKVY.

d. Multi-site evaluation of Transgenic Mustard Hybrid (DMH-11) based on barnase/ barstar system conducted at ARSS, Kumher

e. Farmers Participatory Research to control viral diseases in tomato and Bhindi financed by Depptt. of Agriculture.

 

4. Achievements, Recommendations and Findings:

1993-2000

1. Survey of salt affected soils and quality of irrigation water:

Soil salinity and poor quality of irrigation water have been found to be two most important constraints affecting the optimum production of crops. For assessing type of salt affected soils and quality of irrigation water 819 representative soil samples and 181 irrigation water samples have been analysed, 66.1% soil samples were found to be salt affected which were classified into following categories:

Saline- 43.5%; Saline sodic- 9.8 % and Sodic soils- 12.8%. This study is useful in salt affected soils. Gypsum requirement was worked out for saline sodic and sodic soils.

80.2% irrigation water was of poor quality which were classified as follow:-

Saline- 49.2%; Saline Sodic- 26.7% and Sodic 4.3%. 8.3% of irrigation water had high RSC ( > 5 me/l) values.

Suitable technology for managing poor quality irrigation water is being worked out.

Soil Fertility: Judicious use of fertilizers based on soil testing is one of the most important factor governing productivity of soils. Analysis of 819 soil samples for available N,P and K revealed that 85.8% soils were low in available N whereas 14.2% medium in it. Available P was low in 19.0%, medium in 39.7%  and high in 41.3%. Available K₂O was high in 84.5% of the samples whereas 15.5% contained medium range.

Available Micronutrient:         117 representative soil samples were analyzed for DTPA extractable 10.2% samples were deficient (< 0.60 ppm) in available zinc, 38.4% marginal (0.60-1.20 ppm) and remaining 51.8% sufficient in it. Deficiency has been further confirmed by the soil test crop response studies with wheat as a test crop as reported in the section on nutrient management in saline soils.

2. Verification of most suitable varieties of crops for the zone IIIb.

S.No.	Crop	Varieties
(i)	Mustard	RH 819, BIO 902, RH 30, Pusa Bold, RN 393, Laxmi
(ii)	Wheat	Raj 1482,CPAN 3004, Raj 3765, Raj 3777, Lok 1
(iii)	Barley	RD 2503, RD 2552, RD 2035
(iv)	Gram	RSG 44, KPG 59, RSG 888, CSJD 884
(v)	Lentil	K 75, Sehore 74-7, L 4076
(vi)	Clusterbean	RGC 936, RGC 986, RGC 1003

3. For mustard crop grown under unirrigated heavy texture soils application of 40 Kg N and 40 Kg S ha^-1 (through gypsum) was found optimum.

4. For mustard crop 45 cm. spacing between row to row has been found optimum under tank bed, heavy texture soils.

5. The spray of Thio urea @ 0.1% at 60 DAS increases the seed yield of mustard by 10 to 12% over control. In this way an additional return of about Rs.3024 ha^-1 can be fetched.

6. The application of Zinc Sulphate @ 20 Kg ha^-1 significantly increases the grain yield of lentil.

7.  Mixed cropping of lentil + mustard (12:2 or 6:1 rows) was found superior over lentil alone or over farmers practice (seed mixture).

8. Research conducted to find out the response of sulphur under tank bed micro farming situation revealed that increasing levels of sulphur, significantly increased the grain yield of cluster bean upto 40 kg S/ ha^-1, beyond which no further response was observed.

9. Wheat (Raj 1482) irrigated with saline sodic water (EC : 10.4 dsm^-1 and SAR : 10.6 ) responded significantly to N, P and Zn. Combined application of 120, 60 and 40 Kg/ ha of N, P₂O₅ and ZnSO₄, respectively increase the grained yield of wheat by 14.0 % over control (90Kg N + 40Kg P₂O₅  ). It suggests that under saline conditions N, P and Zn requirement is higher as compared to non saline conditions.

10. The optimum seed rate for Gram semi bold varieties was found 80 Kg ha^-1 and for small seeded varieties was found 60 Kg ha^-1.

2000-01

1. Response of Mustard to foliar application of agrochemicals

Treatment	Seed Yield kg/ha				% increase over control	Additional Net return over control (Rs/ha)
	1998-99	1999-2000	2000-2001	Mean
AGROCHEMCIALS
1. Control (No Spray)	1875	585	1493	1318	-	-
2. Water Spray	1941	660	1514	1372	4.09	521
3. Thio Urea (0.05%) Spray	-	-	1618	-	-	-
4. Thio Urea (0.1%) Spray	2266	861	1724	1617	22.6	3078
5. 40 Kg S ha-1 basal	-	-	1596	-	-	-
6. 40 Kg S ha-1 + TU(0.05%)       Spray	-	-	1757	-	-	-
7. 40 Kg S ha-1 Tu(0.1%) Spray	-	-	1850	-	-	-
8. Sulphuric acid (0.1%) Spray	2149	764	1608	1507	14.3	1923
9. Urea (1%) Spray	2207	782	168	1556	18.0	2632
10. Urea (2%) Spray	-	-	1690	-	-	-
11. ZnSo4 (0.5%) Spray	-	793	1685	-	-	-
12. Boric Acid (0.2%)	-	779	1670	-	-	-
S.Em+	82.5	27.4	34.2	-	-	-
CD at 5%	240	79.7	100.2	-	-	-
C.V. %	11.0	9.0	4.0	-	-	-

On the basis of three years results, it is concluded that spray of thio urea @ 0.1% at 45 to 60 DAS increased the seed yield of mustard by 20-22% over control

2. Studies on determining optimum seed rates for selected lentil cultivars.

Treatments	Grain Yield kgha-1			ATC Malikpur	% increased or decreased	% additional increase in lentil grain/ Kg Seed rate
	1999-2000	2000-01	Mean
Variety
K-75	706	1094	900	440	17.6
Sehore 74-7	586	943	765	365	-
SEm +	19	36	-	-	-	-
C.D. at 5%	54	108	-	-	-	-
Seed Rate (Kgha-1)
20	560	833	696		-21	-
30	645	1029	837	4.03	-5	14.1
40	661	1054	858	3.25	-3	2.1
50	677	1093	885	2.43	+0.02	2.7
60	687	1080	883			0.2
SEm+	29	58
CD at 5%	82	171
C.V.%	12.9	13.8
Interaction	N.S.	N.S.

On the basis of two years data it is concluded that the optimum seed rate of lentil under tank bed micro farming situation is 30 kg ha^-1.

2001-02

1.Role of thiourea in improving productivity of wheat under tank bed situation.

Treatment	Yield (Kg/ha-1)			% Increase
	2000-01	2001-02	Mean
Control	3714	4133	3923	-
Seed Soaking in water 10-12 Hrs.	3776	4217	3996	2.0
Seed Soaking in TU 250 PPM	3890	4275	4083	4.5
Seed Soaking in TU 500 PPM	3989	4360	4175	6.4
SEm+	58	37
CD at 5%	201	128
Control	3654	4084	3869	-
500 ppm TU spray at tillering	3825	4255	4040	4.4
500 ppm TU spray at flowering	3908	4303	4106	6.1
500 ppm TU spray at Tillering  and flowering	3982	4341	4162	7.6
SEm+	55	48
CD at 5%	162	139

Wheat crop respond significant and commendable to seed soaking and foliar spray at tillering each by 500 ppm solution of Thio urea.

2. Studies on determining optimum seed rates for selected gram cultivars.

Treatment	Yield (Kgha-1)			% Increase/ Decrease
	2000-01	2001-02	Mean
Grain Varieties
RSG-44	1432	842	1137	7.8
KPG-59	1298	813	1055	-
CD at 5%	94	NS	-
Seed Rates (Kg/ha-1)
50	1169	757	963	20.5
60	1388	843	1115	4.1
70	1437	852	1145	1.39
80	1466	857	1161	-
CD at 5%	133	53
CV %	9.0	6.0
Interaction	NS	NS

Chickpea RSG-44 cultivar is better under tank bed farming situation and seed rate all ready recommended as per D.R. 70 Kg/ha seed rate is confirmed.

3. Adoptability of spices – It was found that Fenugreek, coriander and fennel crops were suitable for cultivation to the Zone. Fenugugreek, Var. RMt-1 with average yield of 25 q per ha was economically suitable for cultivation in Zone IIIb. Likewise, fennel Var-RF-125 (20 q/ha) and coriander RCr 41(15 q/ha) were also suitable for cultivation. Looking to the economics of the species, the Fenugreek, crop was found most economic by providing Rs.40000 per ha, net profit followed by fennel Rs.35000 per ha and crop coriander Rs.30000 per ha net profit.

2002-03

1. Response of pea cultivars for applied phosphorus

Treatment Combination	Green Pod Yield (q/ha)			Mean Yield	C.B. Ratio
	2000-01	2001-02	2002-03
Azad P-1 + 30 Kg P205/ha	88.22	60.36	95.32	81.30	1:3.13
Azad P-1 + 40 Kg P205/ha	103.11	72.36	107.69	94.38	1:3.79
Azad P-1 + 50 Kg P205/ha	96.84	69.25	103.37	89.82	1:3.49
Erkel + 30 Kg P205/ha	50.42	36.09	82.69	56.40	1:3.13
Erkel + 40 Kg P205/ha	56.37	38.37	86.42	60.38	1:3.42
Erkel + 50 Kg P205/ha	48.74	34.94	83.76	55.82	1:2.90
E-6 + 30 Kg P205/ha	48.06	33.88	78.95	53.63	1:2.99
E-6 + 40 Kg P205/ha	55.17	38.44	84.25	59.28	1:3.35
E-6 + 50 Kg P205/ha	53.76	36.72	77.38	55.95	1:3.20
S.Em+	1.43	0.61	NS
C.D. at 5%	4.41	1.88

The highest green pod pea yield (94.38 q/ha) was obtained by Azad P-1 variety and 40 Kg P2O5 ha-1 with 1:3.79 cost, benefit ratio (Rs. 30379 net return). Early variety Erkel with 40 Kg P2O5 ha-1 gave 60.38 q/ha green pod yield with net return Rs. 23958 /ha (cost benefit ratio 1:3.42).

2. Response of mustard cultivars to different levels of Sulphur

Cultivars	Sulphur Kg/ha
	0	20	30	40	50	Av.	Rank
Vardan	1524	1857	2142	2190	1904	1924	II
Jagannath	1476	1714	1904	1761	1428	1657
Rohini	1477	1619	2142	2047	1761	1809	III
RH 819	1286	1524	1666	1761	1809	1609
Bio-902	1714	2238	2095	2142	2142	2066	I
CS-52	1428	1714	1857	1857	1809	1733	V
Vaibhav	1429	1666	1809	1667	1666	1648
TM-2	1000	1042	1238	1333	1476	1238
RH-30	1523	1761	1904	1857	1858	1781	IV
Kranti	1095	1285	1476	1477	1428	1352
Basanti	1381	1523	1666	1714	1619	1581
YST-151	809	952	1095	1238	904	100
RH-1359	1238	1380	1571	1572	1523	1457
PBR-97	1076	1170	1333	1238	1285	1219
RN-393	1428	1714	1857	1666	1761	1685
Av. Kg/ha	1324	1552	1717	1702	1625	1583
CD at 5% (Kg/ha)	Cultivars	-	473
	Sulphur	-	97
	Cul x S	-	NS

The highest seed yield (2066 kg/ha)was fetched with the cultivars Bio-902 followed by Vardan (1924 kg/ha), Rohini (1809 kg/ha), RH-30 (1781 kg/ha), CS-22(1733 kg/ha), RN-393 (1685 kh/ha), Jagannath (1657 kg/ha), Vaibhav (1648 kg/ha) and RH-819 (1609 kg/ha). Application of sulphur enhanced the seed yield significantly at 30 Kg/ha and above over control. The interaction was not significant.

2003-04

1. Direct and residual responses of pearlmillet-wheat sequence to applied zinc

 

S. No.	Treatment	Seed yield in Kg per ha.
		2000	2001	2002	2003	Average
1.	Control	1410	810	200	650	767
2.	Zn @ 25 Kg/ha D	1660	1160	235	825	970
3.	Zn @ 25 Kg/ha R1	1585	1000	240	900	931
4.	Zn @ 25 Kg/ha R2	1480	870	205	695	812
5.	Zn @ 25 Kg/ha R3	-	840	200	675	571
6.	Zn @ 40 Kg/ha D	1690	1150	265	828	983
7.	Zn @ 40 Kg/ha R1	1645	1020	285	908	964
8.	Zn @ 40 Kg/ha R2	1570	920	200	733	855
9.	Zn @ 40 Kg/ha R3	-	870	200	266	578
	S.Em+	72.40	53	19	24	65
	C.D. at 5%	215	158	57	72	186

Zinc applied to pearlmillet directly and to the preceding wheat crop improved seed yield significantly over control and zinc applied in 2^nd and 3^rd preceding crop seasons. However zinc applied @ 40 Kg/ha and 25 Kg/ha did not show any significant difference in seed yield of pearlmillet.

2. Study to mitigate adverse effect of crust formation due to post sowing rains on productivity of pearlmillet

S. No.	Treatment	Seed yield in Kg per ha.
		2000	2002	2003	Pool average
1.	Bajra broadcasting	1535	416	339	896
2.	Bajra + Cowpea (Line sowing)	2390	533	362	1095
3.	Bajra + Guar (Line sowing)	2555	400	504	1153
4.	Bajra + FYM @ 1.0 ton/ha seed mixed	2665	383	412	153
5.	Bajra + FYM @ 2.0 ton/ha seed mixed	2675	483	430	1196
6.	Bajra Line sowing	2620	433	392	1148
7.	Bajra + FYM @ 5.0 ton/ha over furrow	2970	583	544	1365
8.	Hoeing with khurpa	2845	516	404	1255
9.	Bajra + Zal sakhti @ 5.0 Kg/ha seed mixed	2370	483	437	1096
10.	Bajra + Zal sakhti @ 10.0 Kg/ha seed mixed	2520	679	495	1231
	S.Em+	155	57	28	125
	C.D. at 5%	449	165	83	357

Experiment conducted to work out the agrotechniques to mitigate the adverse effect of crust formation due to post sowing rains revealed a significant improvement in seed yield due to application of FYM @ 5 tons/ha over furrow and gave 53%, 40%, 60% and 52% higher yield than farmers practice (Broad casting method) in kharif 2000, 2002, 2003 and pooled average, respectively. Application of starch polymer @ 10 Kg/ha (seed mixed) gave better results during kh. 2002 (drought seasons).

3. Management of shoot and fruit borer in brinjal through bioagents

The results of the study revealed that three sprays of recommended insecticides resulted in lowest fruit damage 31.56 and 31.27% on number and weight basis with the highest yield of 49.33 q/ha followed by six releases of T. chilonis @ 0.5 lac/ ha at weekly interval with 35.53 and 37.69% fruit damage on number and weight basis respectively resulting 43.99 q/ha yield.

4. Role of thio- urea in improving productivity of lentil

Treatment	Grain Yield Kg/ha				% increase over water Spray	Net Additio nal return over control (kg/ha
	2001 -02	2002 -03	2003 -04	Average
Control (Absolute)	461	1151	1013	875	-	-
Water Spray at pre flowering (60 DAS)	463	1173	1075	904	3.31	285
500 PPM TU Spray at Pre flowering(60 DAS)	537	1373	1268	1059	21.0	2420
1000 PPM TU Spray at pre flowering (60DAS)	560	1429	1310	1100	25.71	2845
0.1% H2SO4 spray at pre flowering (60 DAS)	533	1349	1199	1027	17.27	2080
1% Urea spray at pre flowering (60 DAS)	477	1296	1151	975	11.42	1320
500 PPM TU Spray at Pre flowering(75 DAS)	512	1312	512	1031	17.82	2000
1000 PPM TU Spray at pre flowering (75DAS)	558	1404	1363	1108	26.620	2955
0.1% H2So4 spray at pre flowering (75 DAS)	516	1327	1272	1038	18.63	2245
1% Urea spray at pre flowering (75 DAS)	476	1265	1113	951	8.68	960
CD at 5%	71	132	95

The result showed that 1000 ppm Thiourea spray at 50% flowering (75 DAS) produced the maximum seed yield with mean yield of 1108 kg ha^-1. It is quite evident from the table that spray of Thiourea found significantly superior over control & all other agrochemicals, but there was no significant effect of spray stage and dose too, but the highest net additional return of Rs. 2955 ha^-1 fetched with the 1000ppm of TU at 50% flowering (75 DAS) closely followed by 1000 ppm spray of TU at pre flowering (60 DAS) by giving that additional return of Rs.2845 ha^-1. 

5. To test the adaptability of promising mustard varieties

S.No.	Variety	Yield (Kg ha-1)	Rank
1.	Mahon-8	886
2	RB-9901	980
3	RGN-13	1046
4	CS-614-4-1	953
5	Aravali	1098
6	Varuna	1123	V
7	RH-819	1163	IV
8	BIO-902	1306	I
9	RL-1359	1180	III
10	RH-30	1243	II

Variety  BIO-902  obtained  highest  yield  (1306 kg ha^-1) followed by RH-30, RL-1359, RH-819 and Varuna respectively.

6. To test the adaptability of mustard strain RN-505

 

S.No.	Variety	Yield (Kg ha-1)	Rank
1.	RN 505	1270	I
2	RLM-619	1187	III
3	Vardan	1060
4	Varuna	1158	IV
5	Kranti	1063	V
6	RH-30	1203	II

Out of 6 entries RN-505 obtained highest yield 1270 kg ha^-1 followed by RH-30, RLM-610, Varuna & Kranti respectively.

7. Foliar nutrition studies in chickpea under rainfed conditions

Treatments	Grain yield Kg ha-1				% Increase	Additional return over control Rs. ha-1
	2001-02	2002-03	2003-04	Mean
A. SPRAY
Absolute control	1250	1190	921	1120	-	-
Water spray	1473	1301	970	1235	10.2	1460
Urea spray @ 2%	1510	1406	1022	1312	17.1	2438
Urea spray @ 3%	1515	1480	1052	1349	20.2	2928
DAP spray @ 2%	1699	1575	1100	1459	30.0	4430
KCl spray @ 2%	1690	1530	1082	1434	28.0	4176
SEm+	71	43	17
C.D. at 5%	209	119	52
B. BASAL
With NPKS	1625	1505	1059	1396	11.6	1390
Without NPKS	1408	1355	990	1251	-	-
SEm+	42	24	9
C.D. at 5%	121	72	26
Interaction	NS	NS	NS

The highest grain yield of Chickpea was recorded with 2% DAP spray and basal application of NPKS. As far as the effect of  Agrochemicals individual effect of 2% DAP spray found superior followed by 2% spray of KCl and recorded 30% & 28% increase in grain yield over control.

8. Response of methi to applied nitrogen and phosphorus

 

S.No.	Treatment combination	Yield (q/ha)
		2001-02	2002-03	2003-04	Mean
1.	0 N2 + 0 P2O5/ha	11.55	11.30	11.08	11.31
2.	0 N2 + 20 P2O5/ha	12.67	14.83	11.93	13.14
3.	0 N2 + 40 P2O5/ha	12.88	14.20	12.18	13.08
4.	0 N2 + 60 P2O5/ha	12.58	13.76	12.36	13.00
5.	20 N2 + 0 P2O5/ha	12.44	12.63	12.03	12.36
6.	20 N2 + 20 P2O5/ha	14.00	15.73	13.64	14.45
7.	20 N2 + 40 P2O5/ha	14.88	18.20	14.58	15.88
8.	20 N2 + 60 P2O5/ha	14.89	12.63	14.89	14.13
9.	40 N2 + 0 P2O5/ha	12.88	14.86	13.40	13.71
10.	40 N2 + 20 P2O5/ha	14.67	16.63	14.55	15.28
11.	40 N2 + 40 P2O5/ha	19.78	19.30	19.29	19.45
12.	40 N2 + 60 P2O5/ha	18.89	17.30	18.23	18.14
13.	60 N2 + 0 P2O5/ha	16.89	17.06	16.18	16.71
14.	60 N2 + 20 P2O5/ha	16.89	18.63	15.55	17.00
15.	60 N2 + 40 P2O5/ha	18.44	17.10	17.44	17.66
16.	60 N2 + 60 P2O5/ha	18.44	16.63	17.59	17.55
	S.Em+	1.09	0.68	0.87
	CD at 5%	3.14	2.04	2.51

The highest mean yield of methi (19.45 Q/ha) was obtained at 40 N2 + 40 P2O5/ha followed by 40 N2 + 60 P2O5/ha (18.14 q/ha) which were significantly higher than all the other treatment combinations. Combination of 40 N2 + 40 P2O5/ha was found most economic.

2004-05

1. Integrated phosphorus management in lentil

S. No.	Treatment	Grain Yield Kg/ha				% increase over water spray
		2002-03	2003-04	2004-05	Average
1	Control (P2O5) & 15.6 Kg N2 ha-1	918	957	1027	967	-
2	20 Kg. P2O5 ha-1 through DAP (7.8 Kg N2 ha-1)	1066	1103	1191	1120	15.80
3	20 Kg . P2O5 ha-1  through Rock Phosphate (15.6 Kg N2 ha-1)	1007	1122	1160	1096	13.34
4	PSB (15.6 Kg N2 ha-1)	992	1013	1103	1036	7.10
5	PSF (15.6 Kg N2 ha-1)	978	1004	1043	1008	4.23
6	20 Kg. P2O5 ha-1 through DAP (7.8 Kg N2 ha-1)+ PSB	1111	1141	1252	1168	20.78
7	20 Kg. P2O5 ha-1 through DAP (7.8 Kg N2 ha-1)+ PSF	1112	1163	1236	1170	20.99
8	20 Kg . P2O5 ha-1  through Rock Phosphate (15.6 Kg N2 ha-1)+ PSB	1067	1087	1185	1113	15.09
9	20 Kg . P2O5 ha-1  through Rock Phosphate (15.6 Kg N2 ha-1)+ PSF	1022	1039	1138	1066	10.23
10	40 Kg. P2O5 ha-1 through DAP	1185	1228	1327	1247	28.95
11	40 Kg P2O5 ha-1 through Rock Phosphate (15.6 Kg N2 ha-1)	1126	1153	1262	1180	22.02
12	40 Kg. P2O5 ha-1 through DAP + PSB	1333	1360	1385	1359	40.53
13	40 Kg. P2O5 ha-1 through DAP + PSF	1318	1333	1359	1337	38.26
14	T14 - 40 Kg P2O5 ha-1 through Rock Phosphate (15.6 Kg N2 ha-1)+ PSB	1070	1071	1292	1144	18.30
15	40 Kg P2O5 ha-1 through Rock Phosphate (15.6 Kg N2 ha-1)+ PSF	1155	1206	1267	1209	25.02
	CD at 5%	192	142	124

Highest lentil grain yield was recorded with the treatment 40 P₂O₅ ha^-1 through DAP+ PSB closely followed by 40 P₂O₅ ha^-1 through DAP +  PSF. Among the sources of phosphorus DAP found superior over Rock phosphate but there was no significant difference among them, whereas PSB, found superior over PSF. The increase in grain yield was 40.53%, 38.26% and 28.95% by 40 Kg. P₂O₅ ha^-1 through DAP, 40 Kg. P₂O₅ ha^-1 through DAP + PSF and 40 Kg. P₂O₅ ha^-1 through DAP over control. The combined effect of DAP with PSB at 40 P₂O₅ ha^-1 showed maximum positive effect.

2. Effect of foliar spray of sulphydryl compounds on carbon partitioning productivity and water use efficiency on mustard under water limited environment.

 

Treatments	Seed Yield kg/ha			% increase over control
	2003-04	2004-05	Average
Control	1537	1231	13.84
10 ppm DTT Spray	1612	1305	1459	5.42
100 ppm TGA Spray	1737	1368	1553	12.21
500 ppm TU Spray	1836	1460	1648	19.08
50ppm DTNB Spray	1537	1337	1457	5.27
50ppm DTNB Spray + 10PPM DTT Spray	1469	1377	1423	2.81
50ppm DTNB Spray + 100 ppm TGA Spray	1775	1469	1622	17.20
50ppm DTNB Spray + 500 ppm TU Spray	1875	1508	1692	22.85
Water Spray	1587	1286	1437	3.83
CD at 5%	202	181	-	-

Maximum mean seed yield (1692 Kg/ha) of mustard was fetched with 50ppm DTNP Spray + 500 PPM TU spray closely followed by 500ppm TU spray. These two treatments were significantly superior over control, water spray and alone spray of DTT, TGA, DTNB.

3. Response of Rabi Onion to Nitrogen and Potash

S. No.	Treatment	Yield in Qt/jha				% Increase
		2002-03	2003-04	2004-05	Av.
1	30 kg N2 + 80 Kg K2 O/ha	135.41	140.90	182.28	152.86	-
2	30 kg N2 + 100 Kg K2 O/ha	144.43	142.62	175.59	154.18	0.8
3	30 kg N2 + 120 Kg K2 O/ha	196.95	166.67	180.96	181.52	18.7
4	30 kg N2 + 140 Kg K2 O/ha	164.88	157.56	182.79	168.41	10.1
5	60 kg N2 + 80 Kg K2 O/ha	173.06	160.96	192.93	175.65	14.9
6	60 kg N2 + 100 Kg K2 O/ha	177.64	165.72	198.79	180.71	18.2
7	60 kg N2 + 120 Kg K2 O/ha	205.11	188.96	199.33	197.80	29.4
8	60 kg N2 + 140 Kg K2 O/ha	187.11	169.47	197.36	184.64	20.8
9	90 kg N2 + 80 Kg K2 O/ha	179.24	167.72	198.40	181.78	18.9
10	90 kg N2 + 100 Kg K2 O/ha	198.08	186.55	211.76	198.79	30.1
11	90 kg N2 + 120 Kg K2 O/ha	231.29	205.86	216.95	218.03	42.6
12	90 kg N2 + 140 Kg K2 O/ha	196.30	165.40	208.55	190.08	24.3
13	120 kg N2 + 80 Kg K2 O/ha	187.35	158.69	192.44	179.49	17.4
14	120 kg N2 + 100 Kg K2 O/ha	195.26	162.97	194.37	184.20	20.5
15	120 kg N2 + 120 Kg K2 O/ha	201.36	168.68	204.58	191.54	25.3
16	120 kg N2 + 140 Kg K2 O/ha	193.49	166.61	203.59	187.86	22.9
	S.Em+	2.81	1.28	5.38
	C.D. at 5%	8.18	3.69	15.52

Highest mean yield of Onion (218.03 q/ha) was obtained at combination  of 90 kg N₂ + 120 Kg K₂O/ ha.

4. Response of fennel crop to irrigation and applied phosphorus

S.No.	Treatments	Yield q/ha
		2002-03	2003-04	2004-05	Mean
A.	Irrigation levles
(i)	One Irrigation	13.95	09.26	10.00	11.07
(ii)	Two Irrigation	21.07	12.47	15.30	16.28
(iii)	Three Irrigation	27.30	19.60	20.0	22.30
(iv)	Four Irrigation	24.22	18.40	18.94	20.52
	S.Em+	0.20	0.18	0.04
	CD at 5%	0.62	0.52	0.11
B	Pohsphorus levels
(i)	30 Kg/ha	16.21	13.92	15.26	15.13
(ii)	40 Kg/ha	16.44	15.22	16.32	15.99
(iii)	50 Kg/ha	17.52	15.50	16.49	16.50
(iv)	60 Kg/ha	16.38	15.07	16.06	15.83
	S.Em+	NS	NS	NS
	CD at 5%
C	Interaction	NS	NS	NS

It was found that fennel crop gave maximum yield (22.30 q/ha) at three irrigation (50,100,150 DAS) and 50 Kg P₂O₅/ha as basal dose.

2005-06

1. Weed management in Pearlmillet with special reference to SANTHI

S. No.	Treatments	Dose (g/ha)	Grain yield (kg/ha)		Mean
			2004	2005
1.	Weedy	-	1807	1623	1715
2.	Hand Weeding at 25 DAS	-	2283	1767	2025
3.	Atrazine fb HW at 25 DAS	500	2328	1824	2076
4.	Oxyfluorfen fb HW at 25 DAS	200	2408	2168	2288
5.	Alchlor fb HW at 25 DAS	1000	2235	1854	2095
6.	Metolachlor fb HW at 25 DAS	1000	2346	2008	2177
	LSD (P= 0.05)		113	107

Oxyfluorfen at 0.2 Kg/ha followed by one hand weeding at 25 DAS effectively controlled the Trianthema (SANTHI) population producing maximum seed yield (2288 Kg/ha) followed by Metolachlor fb HW at 25 DAS (2177 Kg/ha).

2. Seed Priming, row spacing and foliar nutrition studies in chickpea under rainfed conditions

Treatments	Grain yield (kg/ha)				% Increase
	2003-04	2004-05	2005-06	Average
Seed Priming
(i) No Seed soaking	917	1062	1814	1264	-
(ii) Soaking of seed in water for 8 hours	962	1092	2080	1378	9.01
CD at 5%	31	NS	67	-
Row Spacing (cm.)
(i) 30	956	1099	1963	1339	2.76
(ii) 45	924	1053	1931	1303	-
CD at 5%	31	44.00	NS	-
Foliar Nutrition
(i) Water Spray	901	1036	1800	1246
(ii) Urea Spray 2%	948	1081	1904	1312	5.29
(iii) DAP Spray 2%	970	1115	2134	1406	12.84, 7.16
CD at 5%	38	56	116	-
All Interactions		NS	NS

Soaking the seed for 8 hrs, then sowing the seed at  close spacing of 30cm followed by 2% DAP spray at 45 DAS found the best combination under tank bed unirrigated conditions for gram crop.

2006-07

1. Production of Onion (seed) bulb for kharif onion

Date of sowing	Storage techniques
	Open storage	storage in gunny bags	storage at gunny racks	Mean
15 Nov.	60.00	63.33	64.66	62.66
15 Dec.	98.33	106.00	108.33	104.22
15 Jan.	102.33	105.66	106.00	104.66
15 Feb.	67.33	67.00	68.66	67.66
Mean	81.99	85.49	86.91

 

	Sowing Time	Storage techniques	Interaction
SEM +	2.78	NS	NS
C.D. at 5%	8.30

The time of sowing in nursery to produce seed bulb for kharif onion significantly affected the onion yield in all the three consecutive years. The highest mean yield 104.66 q/ha was obtained at sowing of 15 jan., which were significantly higher than that of 15 Nov. & 15 Feb., however sowing at 15 Dec. proved at par with that at 15 Jan. Storage technique of seed bulb shows insignificant results.

2. Multi-site evaluation of Transgenic Mustard Hybrid (DMH-11) based on barnase/ barstar system conducted at ARSS, Kumher.

 

S. No.	Treat ment	Seed yield  (Kg/ha)			Days to  maturity			Plant  height   (cm)			Oil   content        (%)			Protein  content      (%)
		05-06	06-07	Mean	05-06	06-07	Mean	05-06	06-07	Mean	05-06	06-07	Mean	05-06	06-07	Mean
1.	T1-Varuna	1441	565.0	1003	125	120	123	185	155	170	40.26	38.08	39.17	18.55	20.74	19.65
2.	T2- DMH-1	1710	1098.3	1404	127	118	123	205	175	190	41.54	38.72	40.13	20.24	21.48	20.86
3.	T3- Kranti	1851	940.0	1396	128	120	124	203	178	191	42.58	38.89	40.74	19.63	21.38	20.51
4.	T4- DMH-11	1817	922.6	1370	131	118	125	220	180	200	39.26	38.89	39.08	20.08	21.53	20.81
5.	T5- Maya	1879	1002.6	1441	127	119	123	201	173	187	39.90	36.73	38.32	19.01	21.65	20.33
	C.D. at 5%	106	118.5
	C.V. %		6.94

On the basis of two years data it is revealed that Maya gave maximum seed yield (1441 Kg/ha) followed by DMH-1(1404 Kg/ha), Kranti (1396 Kg)  and DMH-11(1370 Kg) but it was at par of these four varieties.

3. Management of leaf curl in tomato

Nursery treatment	Field Treatment
	Control				Phorate 10G				Methyl demeton (25 EC)				Overall mean
	2004	2005	2006	Mean	2004	2005	2006	Mean	2004	2005	2006	Mean
Control	166.67	150.33	156.50	158.16	181.00	160.33	168.66	169.99	179.00	158.33	166.66	167.99	165.38
Agronet	181.00	160.67	173.33	171.66	216.00	180.00	190.00	195.33	210.00	176.67	189.33	192.00	186.33
Phorate followed by methyl demeton	192.67	165.33	175.67	177.89	219.00	194.67	205.33	206.33	218.00	192.00	201.00	203.66	195.96
Mean	180.11	158.77	168.50		205.33	178.33	187.99		202.33	175.66	185.66

 

	Nursery treatment			Field Treatment			Interaction
	2004	2005	2006	2004	2005	2006	2004	2005	2006
SEM +	2.95	3.18	2.63	1.89	2.41	1.94	3.29	NS	NS
C.D. at 5%	8.17	9.61	7.85	5.33	7.25	5.80	7.16

Maximum mean production of tomato was obtained at nursery treated with phorate 10G @ 5g/sqm followed by methyl demeton 25 EC(195.96 q/ha) followed by nursery bed covered with agronet (186.33 q/ha) which were significantly higher than control without treatment at nursery level in all the three years. If we observed at field treatments, the higher yield of tomatoes was obtained at phorate 10G @ 15 Kg/ha applied at 10 and 40 DAT (205.33, 178.33 and 187.99 Q/ha in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively, followed by spray of methyl demeton 25 EC @ 1.0 lit/ha at 10,25, 40 and 55 DAT ( 202.33, 175.66 and 185.66 q/ha in the 3 years which were significantly higher than control.

The significantly higher yield was obtained at phorate 10G followed by methyl demeton 25 EC at nursery level and phorate 10 G at standing crop (206.33 Q/ha) followed by phorate 10G followed by methyl demeton 25 EC at nursery level and methyl demeton 25 EC at field level (203.66 Q/ha) followed by nursery covered with agronet and phorate 10G applied in standing crop (195.33 Q/ha). The lowest mean yield (158316 Q/ha) was obtained at control without treatment.

4.  Response  of methi crop to cutting and nitrogen.

S. No	Treatment combination	Grain yield of Methi (q/ha)				B:C ratio	Net Return  /ha
		2004-05	2005-06	2006-07	Mean
T0	No cutting	20.46	21.10	21.03	20.86	1:4.63	49080
T1	One cutting at 30 DAS	19.62	20.13	20.93	20.22	1:4.56	48160
T2	One cutting at 30 DAS + 10 Kg N2/ha at cutting	20.07	20.80	21.00	20.62	1:4.63	49310
T3	One cutting at 45 DAS	20.21	21.33	20.90	20.81	1:4.84	51930
T4	One cutting at 45 DAS + 10 Kg N2/ha at cutting	21.06	23.50	22.23	22.26	1:5.14	56250
T5	One cutting at 60 DAS	18.74	19.13	19.43	19.10	1:4.46	46800
T6	One cutting at 60 DAS + 10 Kg N2/ha at cutting	19.54	20.13	20.50	20.05	1:4.66	49600
T7	I cutting at 30 DAS +  II cutting at 60 DAS + 10 Kg N2/ha at I cutting	16.99	18.26	18.06	17.77	1:4.26	44260
T8	I cutting at 30 DAS +  II cutting at 60 DAS + 10 Kg N2/ha at each cutting	17.37	19.06	18.33	18.25	1:4.35	45650
T9	I cutting at 45 DAS +  II cutting at 75 DAS + 10 Kg N2/ha at I cutting	13.36	16.23	14.50	14.69	1:3.58	35021
T10	I cutting at 45 DAS +  II cutting at 75 DAS + 10 Kg N2/ha at each cutting	14.17	14.43	15.53	14.71	1:3.57	35030
	S.Em + C.D at 5% C.V.	0.73 2.14 4.96	0.93 2.75 8.28	1.25 3.69 11.23

Highest mean yield of methi grain (22.26 q/ha) was obtained at one cutting at 45 DAS and 10 Kg nitrogen as top dressing at the time of cutting. This yield is significantly higher than the treatment combination with two cutting, however non significant to no cutting and one cutting at 30 DAS in all the three consecutive years i.e. 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2006-07. The mean minimum yield was obtained at two cutting at 45 DAS and 75 DAS (14.69/ha). In irrigated heavy textured tank bed micro farming situation of zone III b, the fenugreek crop shows luxurious vegetative growth causes lodging the crop resulting in reduction in yield. However pruning imparts harmful effect to the overall growth of plant but in these conditions, one pruning at 45 DAS checks the overgrowth of the crop and top dressing of nitrogen @10 Kg /ha at the time of pruning help in recouping the vegetative growth , hence gave maximum production at this treatment. On the other hand two pruning proved hazardous to growth of plant, consequently drastic reduction in yield occurred.

2008-09

1. Assessment of various nursery raising techniques in tomato.

S. No.	Treatment	Fruit yield (q/ha.)			Mean	Total income	Cost of cultivation	Net return	B:C ratio
		2005-06	2006-07	2008-09
	Nursery raising by broadcasting	238	272	260	256.67	179669	57000	122669	1:2.15
	Nursery raising by thick line sowing	279	280	250	248.00	173600	57000	116600	1:2.05
	Nursery raising by thin line sowing	253	241	262	273.67	191569	57000	134569	1:2.36
	Nursery raising by 50 g plastic cup	250	206	230	228.67	160069	70000	90069	1:1.29
	Nursery raising by 100 g plastic cup	301	300	276	292.33	204631	70000	134631	1:1.92
	Nursery raising by 250 g polythene bags	338	353	330	340.33	238231	70000	168231	1:2.40
	SEm +	5.1	6.1	12.63
	CD at 5%	15.79	19.15	39.79
	C.V.	6.15	7.04	8.16

 

Tomato seedlings raised in polythene bags of 250 g capacity produced significantly high mean fruit yield (340.33q /ha), over all the other treatments giving highest net return Rs. 168231.00 per ha.( B:C ratio 1: 2.40). It is about 32.5% more fruit yield over raised seed bed (256.67 q/ha). Nursery raised in lines and 100g cups also proved better over broadcasting method. In traditional method of nursery raising seedlings are grown densely, where proper nutrition, sunlight and space is not available to plant growth, hence weak, non-uniform and unhealthy seedlings takes place, whereas 250g  polythene bags seedlings get proper sunlight, nutrition and space for proper growth of the seedlings. Consequently, healthy plants comes out and there is no transplanting shock occur during transplanting, if seedlings are grown individually in polythene bags, which is unavoidable in the seedlings grown in seedbed. It also reflects in fruit yield of tomato, which is more in those plants grown in polythene bags.

 2009-10

 1. Response of fennel crop to sowing time and method of  sowing.